## about this topic
All software runs on top of hardware and an operating system — and understanding that layer is what separates someone who uses a machine from someone who commands it. This hub holds the CodeCrush articles on hardware and systems: how GPUs made the AI era possible, processor architectures, comparisons between Windows, Linux and macOS, quantum computing and the components that decide real-world performance. The guides translate technical specifications into practical decisions: which system to use for development, what actually makes a difference in a working setup, and where hardware evolution is taking computing over the next few years.
## all articles
Articles about Hardware and Operating Systems
- Technology and Innovation
Internet of Things (IoT): what it is and how it works
The Internet of Things (IoT) connects physical objects with sensors to the internet to collect and exchange data and automate processes in homes, cities, and industries.
Read article
Henrico - Infrastructure and DevOps
Gaming PC: components, how to build and tips in 2026
A gaming PC is a computer optimized for games. Understand each component (GPU, CPU, RAM, SSD), how to build by budget and the choices that matter.
Read article
Henrico - Infrastructure and DevOps
Windows: the dominant operating system and its future
Windows is Microsoft's desktop operating system and the global market leader, today focused on AI with Copilot and on integration with the Azure cloud.
Read article
Henrico - Technology and Innovation
Quantum Computing: What it is and how qubits work
Quantum computing is the paradigm that uses qubits in superposition and entanglement to solve problems intractable for classical computers.
Read article
Henrico - Infrastructure and DevOps
GPU: how graphics cards drove the AI era
A GPU is a processor with thousands of parallel cores that accelerates neural network training, scientific simulations and graphics rendering.
Read article
Henrico - Security
Kali Linux: what it is, what it is for, and how to install it
Kali Linux is a Debian-based distribution, maintained by OffSec, with hundreds of pentest tools for security auditing and ethical hacking.
Read article
Henrico - Programming
Terminal Commands: A Guide for Windows, Mac, and Linux
A guide to essential terminal commands: dir, cd, and ipconfig in Windows CMD; ls, cp, mv, and grep in the Mac Terminal and the Linux shell.
Read article
Henrico - Programming
Computer Graphics: What It Is, How It Works, and Where It''s Used
Computer graphics is the field that generates, manipulates, and displays images through algorithms and GPUs, used in games, film, design, medicine, and simulation.
Read article
Henrico - Infrastructure and DevOps
Network Latency: How to Calculate Total Packet Delay
The total delay of a packet is the sum of processing, queuing, transmission, and propagation delays. See the formula, an example in ms, and how to measure it.
Read article
Henrico - Technology and Innovation
Virtual Reality in Rehabilitation: How It Works
Virtual reality in rehabilitation uses immersive environments to accelerate motor and neurological recovery, raising patient motivation and safety.
Read article
Henrico - Infrastructure and DevOps
Network Communication: Protocols, the OSI Model, and TCP/IP
Network communication is the exchange of data between devices governed by protocols. Learn the 7-layer OSI Model, TCP/IP, and service models.
Read article
Henrico - Infrastructure and DevOps
Embedded Systems: What They Are and How They Work
Embedded systems are dedicated computers inside cars, appliances, and medical equipment, designed to perform a specific function.
Read article
Brendow - Infrastructure and DevOps
Windows, Linux or macOS: which operating system to choose?
Windows leads in compatibility and games, macOS in integration and stability, Linux in free customization and ChromeOS in cloud simplicity.
Read article
Henrico - Infrastructure and DevOps
How to Choose a Notebook: A Guide to Processor, RAM, and SSD
To choose a notebook, define the use: basic tasks call for a Core i3 or Ryzen 3, 8 GB of RAM, and an SSD; heavy work demands an i5/i7, 16 GB, and a Full HD screen.
Read article
Henrico